IC-1558Code LLaMA 13B maintains 99.4% passkey retrieval at 128k context despite perplexity rising from 2.37 to 2.54 between 98304 and 131072 tokens

Bowen Peng, Jeffrey Quesnelle, Honglu Fan, Enrico Shippole

SourceYaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of Large Language Models

The paper evaluates Code LLaMA 7B and 13B (both using NTK-aware scaling to 100k context) on sliding-window perplexity over 128k Proof-Pile documents and on passkey retrieval. Code LLaMA 13B shows increasing perplexity beyond 100k tokens (2.37 at 98304, 2.54 at 131072), yet still achieves 99.4% passkey retrieval accuracy at 128k context. The authors explicitly note this dissociation: 'while the code llama 13b model exhibits increasing perplexity above 100k context lengths, it was still able to accurately retrieve the passkey at a context length of 128k.' Code LLaMA 7B shows a similar pattern with 94.3% passkey accuracy at 112k. On standard benchmarks, Code LLaMA 7B drops to 39.9 on ARC-C and 31.1 on MMLU versus 53.1 and 43.8 for the base LLaMA 2 7B.

Evidence
correlational
Key metric
Code LLaMA 13B perplexity: 2.37 at 98304, 2.54 at 131072; passkey accuracy 99.4% at 128k. Code LLaMA 7B perplexity: 2.54 at 98304, 2.71 at 131072; passkey accuracy 94.3% at 112k. Code LLaMA 7B benchmarks: ARC-C 39.9, HellaSwag 60.8, MMLU 31.1, TruthfulQA 37.8 (vs base LLaMA 2 7B: 53.1, 77.8, 43.8, 39.0).
Caveat
The paper notes that perplexity 'may not be a great indicator of whether an llm is able to attend to all tokens and does not exhaustively determine long context performance,' suggesting the dissociation may reflect a limitation of perplexity as a metric rather than a true capability preservation.
Model
CodeLlama-13B CodeLlama-7B
Concepts
Failure mode
Datasets
Proof-Pile [eval], GovReport [eval], ARC-Challenge [eval], HellaSwag [eval], MMLU / MMLU-Math [eval], TruthfulQA / TruthfulQA MC1 [eval]
Related work
Code Llama [compared-to]
Extraction
automatic-extraction